Physics:Quantum quark

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A quantum quark is an elementary fermion that carries color charge and participates in the strong interaction. Quarks combine through gluon-mediated quantum chromodynamics to form hadrons such as protons, neutrons, and mesons. They are not observed as isolated free particles under ordinary conditions.[1][2]

Complex yellow illustration of quark color charge, confinement, and hadron structure.

Flavors and color

The six quark flavors are up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Each flavor appears in color states conventionally called red, green, and blue, together with corresponding antiquarks. Color is not ordinary visual color but a quantum charge of the strong interaction.[3]

Confinement

Quantum chromodynamics predicts that the force between separated color charges does not weaken in the same way as electromagnetism. Instead, quarks are confined inside color-neutral hadrons. High-energy collisions can produce jets that reflect the underlying quark and gluon dynamics.[4][5]

Hadron structure

Baryons contain three valence quarks, while mesons contain a quark-antiquark pair, together with gluons and sea quark-antiquark pairs. The mass and spin of hadrons arise from a combination of quark masses, gluon fields, motion, and QCD binding energy.


See also

Table of contents (84 articles)

Index

Full contents

References

  1. ↑ Gell-Mann, M. (1964). "A Schematic Model of Baryons and Mesons". Physics Letters 8 (3): 214-215. doi:10.1016/S0031-9163(64)92001-3. 
  2. ↑ Particle Data Group (2022). "Review of Particle Physics". Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2022 (8): 083C01. doi:10.1093/ptep/ptac097. 
  3. ↑ Griffiths, David J. (2008). Introduction to Elementary Particles (2nd ed.). Wiley-VCH. ISBN 978-3-527-40601-2. 
  4. ↑ Gross, David J.; Wilczek, Frank (1973). "Ultraviolet Behavior of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories". Physical Review Letters 30 (26): 1343-1346. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.1343. 
  5. ↑ Politzer, H. David (1973). "Reliable Perturbative Results for Strong Interactions?". Physical Review Letters 30 (26): 1346-1349. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.1346. 


Author: Harold Foppele


Source attribution: Physics:Quantum quark

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