Physics:Quantum boson
A quantum boson is a particle or excitation with integer spin that obeys Bose-Einstein statistics. Identical bosons can share the same quantum state, allowing coherent fields, laser light, superfluidity, Bose-Einstein condensation, and force-carrying quantum fields.[1][2]
Statistics and shared states
Bosonic many-particle states are symmetric under exchange. This makes occupation of the same state statistically favored rather than forbidden. The property is essential for macroscopic quantum coherence and for the field description of radiation and collective excitations.
Elementary bosons
The Standard Model contains spin-1 gauge bosons and the spin-0 Higgs boson. The photon mediates electromagnetism, gluons mediate the strong interaction, W and Z bosons mediate the weak interaction, and the Higgs boson is associated with the Higgs field.[3]
Composite bosons
Composite particles can behave as bosons when their total spin is integer. Mesons, certain nuclei, paired electrons in superconductors, and atoms with integer total spin can all show bosonic behavior under suitable conditions.
See also
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References
- ↑ Bose, S. N. (1924). "Planck law and the light quantum hypothesis". Zeitschrift fuer Physik 26: 178-181. doi:10.1007/BF01327326.
- ↑ Particle Data Group (2022). "Review of Particle Physics". Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2022 (8): 083C01. doi:10.1093/ptep/ptac097.
- ↑ Schwartz, Matthew D. (2014). Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-03473-0.
Source attribution: Physics:Quantum boson