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{{Short description|Cylindrical lithium-ion battery}}
{{Infobox electronic component
| name = {{ubl|
|18650 battery
|1865 cell
}}
| image = Lithiumion-laptop-battery-internals.jpg
| caption = Panasonic 18650 batteries inside a laptop. Each cell has a capacity of 2450 mAh.
| type = Power source
| working_principle = Electrochemical reactions, [[Physics:Electromotive force|Electromotive force]]
| first_produced = 1994
| pins = [[Physics:Anode|Anode]] and [[Physics:Cathode|Cathode]]
| symbol = [[File:Battery symbol1.svg|Battery symbol1]]
| symbol_caption =
}}
An '''18650 battery'''<ref name=CSH-20221112> {{cite web |url= https://commonsensehome.com/18650-battery/ |title= Everything You Need to Know About the 18650 Battery |author= August Neverman |date= 12 November 2022 |publisher= Common Sense Home |language= en }} </ref> or '''1865 cell'''<ref name=Bosch-20220520> {{cite web |url= https://www.bosch.com/stories/tesla-tab-talk/ |title= Tesla Tab Talk |author= Jake Christensen |date= 2022-05-20 |publisher= Bosch |language= en }} </ref> is a cylindrical [[Engineering:Lithium-ion battery|lithium-ion battery]] common in electronic devices. The batteries measure {{Convert|18|mm|abbr=on}} in diameter by {{Convert|65|mm|4=2|abbr=on}} in length, giving them the name 18650.<ref name=ED-21807019> {{Cite web |last=Zollo |first=Bob |title= The Standard 18650 Li-Ion Cell Isn’t Always Standard |url=https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/power/article/21807019/the-standard-18650-liion-cell-isnt-always-standard |date= 19 September 2018 |access-date=2023-07-04 |publisher= Electronic Design |id= 21807019 |language= en }} </ref>

[[Company:Panasonic|Panasonic]] first developed the 18650 battery in 1994 "when there was a growing need for ever smaller and lighter storage batteries that could be used for ever longer periods of time".<ref name=Panasonic-Chronicle-1994> {{Cite web |title= Corporate History: 1994 |url= https://holdings.panasonic/global/corporate/about/history/chronicle/1994.html |access-date=2023-07-04 |publisher= [[Company:Panasonic|Panasonic Holdings]] |language= en }} </ref> They are now commonly used in power tools, electric bicycles, laptops, and electric vehicles.<ref name="10.1149/2.0721508jes"> {{Cite journal |last1=Muenzel |first1=Valentin |last2=Hollenkamp |first2=Anthony F. |last3=Bhatt |first3=Anand I. |last4=Hoog |first4=Julian de |last5=Brazil |first5=Marcus |last6=Thomas |first6=Doreen A. |last7=Mareels |first7=Iven |date= 2015-05-28 |title= A Comparative Testing Study of Commercial 18650-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Cells |url= https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/2.0721508jes/meta |journal= Journal of the Electrochemical Society |language=en |volume=162 |issue=8 |pages=A1592 |doi= 10.1149/2.0721508jes |s2cid= 93255496 |issn= 1945-7111 |doi-access= free |hdl=11343/55225 |hdl-access=free }} </ref>

== Chemistry ==
18650 batteries are most commonly lithium-based, although sodium-ion variants are available for purchase.<ref name=Sriko-OnlineStore-18650-SodiumIon-1250mAh-50A> {{Cite web |title=Sodium Ion 1250 mAh 50A 18650 Rechargeable Battery |url= https://srikobatteries.com/product/sodium-ion-18650-1250mah-50a-rechargeable-battery/ |access-date= 2023-10-16 |website= SRIKO Batteries {{!}} Online store for electronics {{!}} Online battery store |language= en-US }} </ref> Lithium-ion batteries consist of an [[Physics:Anode|anode]], typically made of graphite and a cathode, often of [[Chemistry:Lithium cobalt oxide|lithium-metal oxide]].

== Packs ==
[[File:Generic Chinese 4S BMS boards for lithium batteries 02.jpg|thumb|A generic BMS for 4 series lithium-ion cells ('4s BMS') ]]
18650 batteries are more commonly used in packs, where a [[Battery management system|BMS]] (Battery Management System) is required, especially once cells age and perform differently. BMS boards balance the voltage of cells in series and protect against over- and under-discharge.

==See also==
* [[Physics:List of battery sizes|List of battery sizes]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Battery sizes}}
[[Category:Battery (electricity)]]
[[Category:Lithium-ion batteries]]
[[Category:Rechargeable batteries]]

{{Sourceattribution|18650 battery}}

Physics:18650 battery - Revision history

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