https://scholarlywiki.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Biography%3ARobert_S._Mulliken 2026-05-25T02:01:22Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.44.5 https://scholarlywiki.org/index.php?title=Biography:Robert_S._Mulliken&diff=11527&oldid=prev 2026-05-24T23:03:35Z

<p>Place biography table of contents at upper left</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:03, 24 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|American physical chemist and founder of molecular orbital theory}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|American physical chemist and founder of molecular orbital theory}}</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;div class="sw-mainpage-toc" style="float:left; width:240px; max-width:24%; margin:0 22px 12px 0;"&gt;</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">__TOC__</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;/div&gt;</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Biography page}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Biography page}}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key my_wiki:diff:1.41:old-10686:rev-11527:php=table --> </table>

WikiHarold https://scholarlywiki.org/index.php?title=Biography:Robert_S._Mulliken&diff=10686&oldid=prev 2026-05-24T17:34:47Z

<p>Add biography overview template</p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:34, 24 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|American physical chemist and founder of molecular orbital theory}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Short description|American physical chemist and founder of molecular orbital theory}}</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Biography page}}</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Infobox scientist</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Infobox scientist</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| name = Robert S. Mulliken</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| name = Robert S. Mulliken</div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key my_wiki:diff:1.41:old-9170:rev-10686:php=table --> </table>

WikiHarold https://scholarlywiki.org/index.php?title=Biography:Robert_S._Mulliken&diff=9170&oldid=prev 2026-05-23T14:14:49Z

<p>Create quantum biography page</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|American physical chemist and founder of molecular orbital theory}}<br /> {{Infobox scientist<br /> | name = Robert S. Mulliken<br /> | image = Mulliken,Robert_1929_Chicago.jpg<br /> | caption = Mulliken in 1929<br /> | birth_name = Robert Sanderson Mulliken<br /> | birth_date = 7 June 1896<br /> | birth_place = Newburyport, Massachusetts, United States<br /> | death_date = 31 October 1986<br /> | death_place = Arlington, Virginia, United States<br /> | fields = Physical chemistry; quantum chemistry<br /> | work_institutions = University of Chicago; Harvard University<br /> | alma_mater = Massachusetts Institute of Technology; University of Chicago<br /> | known_for = Molecular orbital theory; Mulliken population analysis; electronegativity scale<br /> | awards = Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1966); Priestley Medal (1983)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> &#039;&#039;&#039;Robert Sanderson Mulliken&#039;&#039;&#039; (7 June 1896 - 31 October 1986) was an American physical chemist who played a central role in the development of [[Physics:Quantum molecular orbital theory|molecular orbital theory]]. His work made molecular spectra and chemical bonding part of a unified quantum-mechanical picture.<br /> <br /> Mulliken received the 1966 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1966/mulliken/facts/ |publisher=Nobel Prize Outreach |access-date=2026-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Molecular orbital theory ==<br /> Mulliken treated electrons in molecules as occupying orbitals spread over the whole molecule rather than only localized between pairs of atoms. This approach became essential for explaining spectroscopy, delocalized bonding, antibonding orbitals, and computational chemistry.<br /> <br /> In the Quantum Collection, Mulliken is linked with:<br /> * [[Physics:Quantum molecular orbital theory]]<br /> * [[Physics:Quantum Molecular orbital diagram]]<br /> * [[Physics:Quantum chemistry]]<br /> * [[Physics:Quantum computational chemistry]]<br /> <br /> == Influence ==<br /> Mulliken&#039;s work helped bridge experimental spectroscopy and theoretical quantum chemistry. Concepts such as molecular orbitals, population analysis, and orbital symmetry remain central in modern chemical physics.<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Biography:Linus Pauling]]<br /> * [[Biography:John Lennard-Jones]]<br /> * [[Biography:Erich Hückel]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist|3}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1966/mulliken/biographical/ Nobel Prize biography]<br /> * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken Wikipedia biography]<br /> <br /> {{Author|Harold Foppele}}<br /> [[Category:Quantum chemists]]<br /> [[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]]</div>

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